Publication Type

Journal Article

Version

submittedVersion

Publication Date

8-2024

Abstract

Prior studies have shown a negative effect of motherhood on women’s post-maternal employment, yet few have examined how the motherhood employment penalty may vary by living arrangements. Using data from the 2010–2018 waves of the China Family Panel Studies, we applied fixed-effects linear probability models to examine the effects of the number and age of children on the employment status of Chinese women and how multi-generational living arrangements moderate these effects. The results show that motherhood significantly reduces women’s likelihood of labor force participation. A woman’s coresidence with her natal mother significantly mitigates the motherhood employment penalty, especially in urban China. In contrast, coresidence with only her father or father-in-law does not reduce the penalty. These findings indicate that there is a gendered intergenerational division of labor in Chinese extended families and highlight the importance of considering gender asymmetries in multi-generational relations in understanding mothers’ labor market decisions.

Discipline

Asian Studies | Family, Life Course, and Society | Gender and Sexuality

Research Areas

Sociology

Publication

Social Forces

Identifier

10.1093/sf/soae105

Embargo Period

11-22-2026

Available for download on Sunday, November 22, 2026

Share

COinS