Publication Type
Journal Article
Version
publishedVersion
Publication Date
7-2021
Abstract
Framing is a process of emphasizing a certain aspect of an issue over the others, nudging readers or listeners towards different positions on the issue even without making a biased argument. Here, we propose FrameAxis, a method for characterizing documents by identifying the most relevant semantic axes (“microframes”) that are overrepresented in the text using word embedding. Our unsupervised approach can be readily applied to large datasets because it does not require manual annotations. It can also provide nuanced insights by considering a rich set of semantic axes. FrameAxis is designed to quantitatively tease out two important dimensions of how microframes are used in the text. Microframe bias captures how biased the text is on a certain microframe, and microframe intensity shows how prominently a certain microframe is used. Together, they offer a detailed characterization of the text. We demonstrate that microframes with the highest bias and intensity align well with sentiment, topic, and partisan spectrum by applying FrameAxis to multiple datasets from restaurant reviews to political news. The existing domain knowledge can be incorporated into FrameAxis by using custom microframes and by using FrameAxis as an iterative exploratory analysis instrument. Additionally, we propose methods for explaining the results of FrameAxis at the level of individual words and documents. Our method may accelerate scalable and sophisticated computational analyses of framing across disciplines.
Keywords
Framing, Media bias, Microframe, SemAxis, Word embedding, Antonyms, Semantic Axis
Discipline
Databases and Information Systems | Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing | Social Influence and Political Communication
Research Areas
Data Science and Engineering
Publication
PeerJ Computer Science
Volume
7
First Page
1
Last Page
26
ISSN
2376-5992
Identifier
10.7717/peerj-cs.644
Publisher
PeerJ
Citation
KWAK, Haewoon; AN, Jisun; JING, Elise Jing; and AHN, Yong-Yeol.
FrameAxis: Characterizing microframe bias and intensity with word embedding. (2021). PeerJ Computer Science. 7, 1-26.
Available at: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/6300
Copyright Owner and License
Authors
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Additional URL
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.644
Included in
Databases and Information Systems Commons, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing Commons, Social Influence and Political Communication Commons