Publication Type

Journal Article

Version

submittedVersion

Publication Date

10-2019

Abstract

We analyse empirically the drivers of freight market volatility. We use several macroeconomic and shipping-related factors that are known to affect the supply and demand for shipping and examine their impact on the term structure of freight options implied volatilities (IV). We find that the level of IVs is affected by the level of the spot rate, the slope of the forward curve, as well as by both demand and supply factors, especially the former. We demonstrate that the relation between the volatility of futures prices and the slope of the forward curve is non-monotonic and convex, that is, it has a V-shape. In general, anticipation of economic growth and of a stronger freight market reduces IV whereas higher uncertainty and anticipation of excess shipping capacity may increase IV. Panel regressions as well as a series of robustness tests produce strong validation of the results.

Keywords

Freight options, implied volatility, economic modelling, fundamental analysis

Discipline

Finance | Finance and Financial Management

Research Areas

Finance

Publication

Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review

Volume

130

First Page

1

Last Page

15

ISSN

1366-5545

Identifier

10.1016/j.tre.2019.08.003

Publisher

Elsevier

Additional URL

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2019.08.003

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