Publication Type

PhD Dissertation

Version

publishedVersion

Publication Date

3-2026

Abstract

This thesis examines how trust congruence and trust asymmetry shape leader-subordinate relationships and how these dynamics influence LTS and subordinate job performance. Trust congruence and trust asymmetry are defined by the degree of alignment between STL and SFT. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory, this study investigates these processes from the subordinate’s perspective using a mixed-method design that integrates qualitative interviews and quantitative analysis.

Results show that subordinate trust in leader (STL), subordinate felt trust (SFT) and leader trust in subordinate (LTS) are three distinct constructs. Trust asymmetry is prevalent, with subordinate often trusting more than they feel trusted. Asymmetry meaningfully shapes psychological need fulfilment: autonomy and relatedness are higher when SFT > STL, whereas competence is higher when STL > SFT. Trust congruence positively satisfies autonomy, relatedness and competence. Psychological needs-particularly autonomy-strongly predict a leader’s trust in subordinates, which in turn boosts subordinates job performance, creativity and reduce turnover intention. Skip-level connection independently strengthens psychological need fulfilment, but only autonomy shows a significant attenuation moderation effect, suggesting skip-level connection partially substitute for direct leader trust alignment. Overall, the study underscores the dynamic role of trust asymmetry in shaping employee motivation and performance, offering practical insights for cultivating balanced trust within hierarchical relationships.

Keywords

dyadic relationship; trust congruence; trust asymmetry; psychological needs; skip-level connection; leader trust in subordinate; job performance

Degree Awarded

Doctor of Business Admin

Discipline

Organizational Behavior and Theory

Supervisor(s)

TAN, Hwee Hoon

First Page

1

Last Page

192

Publisher

Singapore Management University

City or Country

Singapore

Copyright Owner and License

Author

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