Publication Type

Journal Article

Version

publishedVersion

Publication Date

11-2024

Abstract

We develop a rating system to evaluate the quality of individual non-GAAP exclusions. Our perspective is that high-quality exclusions reflect nonrecurring economic transactions, are transitory accounting adjustments, or have little usefulness in forecasting cash flows. We use four approaches to rate exclusions. We evaluate the serial correlation of the exclusion, survey accounting academics’ views, obtain practitioner ratings from the CFA Institute, and identify the exclusions approved by the Chinese securities regulator. A firm’s exclusion quality score is the weighted average rating of its individual exclusions. For our sample of S&P 500 firms, we document that exclusion quality varies by industry, captures trends in non-GAAP reporting, and is reasonably stable at the firm level. To validate the rating, we show that firms with lower exclusion quality scores receive more SEC comment letters, incur more Regulation G violations, exhibit greater analyst forecast dispersion, and have slower price discovery following earnings announcements.

Keywords

Analyst Forecast Dispersion, on-GAAP Exclusion Quality, Non-GAAP Reporting, Recurring Expenses, Regulation G, SEC Comment Letters

Discipline

Accounting | Corporate Finance

Publication

Review of Accounting Studies

First Page

1

Last Page

62

ISSN

1380-6653

Identifier

10.1007/s11142-024-09855-3

Publisher

Springer

Copyright Owner and License

Authors CC-BY

Additional URL

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-024-09855-3

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