Publication Type
Journal Article
Version
publishedVersion
Publication Date
5-2015
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there have been notable changes in North Korean migration: from forced migration to trafficking in women, from heroic underground railways to people smuggling by Christian missionaries. The migration has taken mixed forms of asylum seeking, human trafficking, undocumented labour migration and people smuggling. The paper follows the footsteps of North Korean migrants from China through Southeast Asia to South Korea, and from there to the United Kingdom, to see the dynamic correlation between human (in)security and irregular migration. It analyses how individual migrant's agency interacts with other key actors in the migration system and eventually brings about emerging patterns of four distinctive forms of irregular migration in a macro level. It uses human security as its conceptual framework that is a people-centred, rather than state- or national security-centric approach to irregular migration.
Keywords
North Korea, migration, human trafficking, people smuggling, human security
Discipline
Asian Studies | Political Science
Research Areas
Political Science
Publication
Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies
Volume
2
Issue
2
First Page
399
Last Page
415
ISSN
2050-2680
Identifier
10.1002/app5.82
Publisher
Wiley Open Access
Citation
SONG, Jiyoung.(2015). Twenty years' evolution of North Korean migration, 1994-2014: A human security perspective. Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, 2(2), 399-415.
Available at: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/1770
Copyright Owner and License
Author
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.
Additional URL
https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.82